Dermatology guides

Skin conditions — what they are and how they are treated

Clear information on the most common dermatological conditions in Portugal. Symptoms, causes, treatment options and when it makes sense to see a dermatologist — online or in person.

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Inflammatory and allergic

Acne

Spots, blackheads, inflammatory lesions. How to treat and when to seek help.

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Rosacea

Persistent redness, flushing and papules on the central face.

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Atopic dermatitis

Dry skin and intense itch in flares — atopic eczema in children and adults.

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Seborrhoeic dermatitis

Yellowish flaking on the scalp, eyebrows and face.

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Contact dermatitis

Skin reaction from contact with an irritant or allergen.

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Psoriasis

Typical scaly plaques on elbows, knees and scalp.

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Urticaria

Raised itchy weals, acute or chronic.

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Skin allergies

Immune reactions with itch, redness, weals or eczema.

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Lichen planus

Violaceous papules on skin and mucous membranes; chronic inflammatory disease.

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Skin infections

Warts

Benign HPV lesions; common, plantar, flat and filiform types.

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Molluscum contagiosum

Small shiny papules, common in children; usually benign.

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Impetigo

Bacterial infection with honey-coloured crusts, common in children.

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Cold sores

Recurrent painful lip blisters; early treatment makes a difference.

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Shingles (herpes zoster)

Reactivation of the chickenpox virus; band of blisters with intense pain.

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Athlete’s foot

Fungal infection between the toes with itch, flaking and maceration.

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Nail fungus

Fungal nail infection, especially on the feet; needs prolonged treatment.

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Scabies

Mite infestation with intense itch, especially at night.

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Pityriasis versicolor

Superficial fungal infection with light or dark patches on the trunk.

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Folliculitis

Inflammation of hair follicles, with papules or pustules.

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Tinea capitis

Scalp fungal infection in children; hair loss patches and flaking.

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Hair

Hair loss

Many possible causes — assessment guides the right treatment.

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Androgenetic alopecia

Pattern baldness in men and women; ongoing treatment.

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Alopecia areata

Circular bald patches; autoimmune disease with variable course.

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Pigmentation

Melasma

Brown facial patches; worsen with sun.

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Vitiligo

White patches from loss of melanocytes; autoimmune disease.

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Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation

Dark marks after acne or inflammation; gradual fading.

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Moles, lesions and aesthetics

Moles (naevi)

When to see a dermatologist — ABCDE method and monitoring.

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Haemangioma

Benign vascular tumour, common in babies; many resolve spontaneously.

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Actinic keratosis

Pre-cancerous lesions from cumulative sun damage; need monitoring.

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Keratosis pilaris

“Chicken skin” — small rough bumps on arms and thighs.

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Milia

Small benign white cysts, common on the face.

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Scars

Types, course and options to soften appearance.

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Stretch marks

Lines from rapid skin stretching; improve most when recent.

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Other common conditions

Dry skin

Cutaneous xerosis — very common; a good care routine helps most cases.

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Hyperhidrosis

Excessive sweating of hands, underarms or feet.

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Mouth ulcers

Small painful oral ulcers; recurrent for many people.

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Heat rash (miliaria)

Rash from sweat retention, common in babies and adults in heat.

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Blepharitis

Chronic eyelid inflammation; eye irritation and flaking.

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Insect bites

Common reactions and when to seek a dermatologist.

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Cellulite (aesthetic)

“Orange peel” skin appearance; benign aesthetic condition.

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New guides are added regularly.

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